Not tonight, I'm closing my wings: How female butterflies avoid the attention of over-zealous males

By DAILY MAIL REPORTER

Scientists have found that female butterflies keep their wings closed when they do not want male attention


When being chased by a man, women have a number of techniques to show they are simply not interested.

Now scientists have discovered that butterflies also have a tell-tale sign.

A team in Japan has found that females of the species closed their wings when they want to avoid unwanted male attention.

They say that by folding away the wings, which often have striking patterns, they are less visible to males.

The research was carried out by the Kurume Institute of Technology in Fukuora and published in the journal Ethology.

The head of the team, Jun-Ya Ide, noticed during analysis of small copper butterflies that they often closed their wings when others flew nearby.

He decided this required further investigation so used a male model to trigger a reaction in the females.


Female small copper butterflies only mate once during their lifetime


He at first believed that the closure of wings was used to avoid the harassment of males.

But as the small copper butterflies only have sex once in their entire life, he then used the model with females who had mated.

'When I brought the model close to a mated female, she often closed the wings,' he told BBC Nature.

He then tried with virgin females of the species and discovered that they left their wings open.

'I concluded that, since females don't need more copulations, they close their wings to conceal themselves,' Dr Ide added.

source: dailymail

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Last flight of our endangered butterflies: Native species being forced from their natural habitats

By DAVID DERBYSHIRE

Butterfly effect: The loss of the High Brown Fritillary would affect the ecosystyem


Some of our most beautiful and popular butterflies could vanish from the countryside within years, experts warn.

Thirty-seven per cent of native species are either under threat of extinction or have already died out, a study shows.

They have been so badly hit by the rise of intensive farming and loss of habitats that they are now faring worse than any other group of domestic wildlife.

As butterflies determine the health of the environment, conservationists say their decline affects other wildlife.

The warning came as the Butterfly Conservation charity published a list of the 23 species that are endangered or already extinct.

A further 11 of our 72 butterflies are rated as ‘near threatened’, so only about half are considered safe.

The list includes the high brown fritillary, which has seen numbers drop by 85 per cent over ten years.


The handsome speckled insect once bred in woods in Wales and the South.


However, it is now found in just 30 small colonies in the South West, South Wales and Cumbria. Another endangered species is the large blue. It was wiped out in the 1970s, but has been reintroduced to chalky hillsides in the South West.

Its caterpillars mimic the scent of red ant grubs to fool worker ants into taking them into the nest. Once inside, the caterpillars eat the ant grubs.

Butterfly Conservation spokesman Richard Fox said: ‘The new Red List shows that the number of butterflies in need of help has increased dramatically in the past ten years.


Sight for sore eyes: White Letter Hairstreak Stryminidia butterfly


‘We have seen conservationists bring the large blue back from extinction.

‘But there is much more we need to do to secure the future. They are our heritage.’

The Red List is based on data collected by thousands of volunteers organised by the charity and Centre for Ecology and Hydrology in Oxfordshire.

Butterflies suffer from the loss of grasslands rich in wild flowers and poorer quality of woodlands. Pesticides and intensive farming are also to blame.

According to studies, 21 per cent of dragonfly species, 29 per cent of birds and 20 per cent of plants are endangered in the UK.


Rare sight: Large Blue butterfly feeding on wild thyme


Research confirms that butterflies are faring worse than dragonflies, birds and plants, with 37% of Britain's 59 native species considered regionally extinct or threatened.

This compares to 21% of dragonflies, 29% of birds and 20% of plants. A further 11 butterfly species are classified as 'near threatened' in the new list, leaving fewer than half (45 per cent) of Britain's butterflies safe - for now.

The figures are the result of a major re-assessment of the state of British butterfly populations using the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) 'red list' approach.


source: dailymail

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